The early English censuses (1801-1851) provide a mine of information about England in the early nineteenth century but the totals which they contain needs to be treated with care. They contain many arithmetical and printing errors, a significant number of returns are missing, and a unit with the same name in successive censuses might have changed boundaries. There are also problems of coverage. Infants and young children were substantially under-reported and men in the army, navy, and merchant marine were not included, which affected the censuses of the Napoleonic war period significantly. Moreover, in 1851 the basic units of the census were changed. Where previously totals for the parish, the hundred and the county were returned, in 1851 the units were the parish, the registration sub-district, the registration district, and the registration county. Even the national unit changed. Dozens...
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