A Rhetoric of Motives

Burke, Kenneth

| 1969

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As critic, Kenneth Burke's preoccupations were at the beginning purely aesthetic and literary; but after "Counter-Statement" (1931), he began to discriminate a 'rhetorical' or persuasive component in literature, and thereupon became a philosopher of language and human conduct. In "A Grammar of Motives" (1945) and "A Rhetoric of Motives" (1950), Burke's conception of 'symbolic action' comes into its own: all human activities - linguistic or extra-linguistic - are modes of symbolizing; man is defined as the symbol-using (and -misusing) animal. The critic's job becomes one of the interpreting human symbolizing wherever he finds it, with the aim of illuminating human motivation. Thus the reach of the literary critic now extends to the social and ethical. "A Grammar of Motives" is a 'methodical meditation' on such complex linguistic forms as plays, stories, poems, theologies, metaphysical systems,...

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